2 things in this picture: First, the halyard comes down from the top of the mast and through that block at the bottom of the mast. From there it goes to a cleat inside the cockpit - I did this so I could drop the sail in a hurry without trying to stand up or going forward.

For the second, look closely at where the boom crosses the mast - there is a rope tied to the boom on one side, then wrapped around the mast, and looped over the boom on the other side of the mast. This is the downhaul, and keeps the boom close to the mast.